CVE-2026-54593
Description
Pterodactyl is a free, open-source game server management panel. Prior to Panel version 1.12.3 and Wings version 1.12.2, the Wings /upload/file endpoint accepted any valid panel-signed JWT that contained server_uuid, user_uuid, and unique_id claims without checking the token's intended purpose; because the Panel issues JWTs carrying those same claims for lower-privilege operations such as WebSocket authentication and file-download links, an authenticated subuser could reuse one of those tokens (for example a WebSocket token obtained with only the websocket.connect permission) by replaying it against /upload/file to write arbitrary files to the same server, despite never being granted the file.create permission. This issue is fixed in Panel version 1.12.3 and Wings version 1.12.2.
Summary dbcve.org
This is an authorization bypass vulnerability in Pterodactyl Wings where the /upload/file endpoint accepts any valid panel-signed JWT containing server_uuid, user_uuid, and unique_id claims without verifying the token's intended purpose. An authenticated subuser with only websocket.connect permission can obtain a JWT for a lower-privilege operation and replay it against the file upload endpoint to write arbitrary files, bypassing the file.create permission requirement.
Mitigation
Upgrade Pterodactyl Panel to version 1.12.3 and Wings to version 1.12.2, which implement proper token purpose validation to ensure JWTs are only accepted by their intended endpoints.